Hadhramout University Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences

Assessment of knowledge of pharmacies and drug stores workers toward dengue and its management at Al-Mukalla district – Hadhramout-Yemen

2022-10-28T23:44:16+00:00

Dengue fever (DF) is a mosquito borne disease that has spread rapidly in Al-Mukalla city in the last ten years, so a necessary requirement is to analyze the knowledge of healthcare providers, including pharmacists, toward dengue management and control in the country. This paper aims to assess the knowledge of pharmacies and drug stores workers toward dengue management at Al-Mukalla district. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 pharmacies and drug store workers in Al-Mukalla district in 2020. A random sampling method was used to select the pharmacies and drug stores and data was collected by using pretest questionnaires. All statistical analyses were performed by using SPSS software, version 24. A total of 384 workers of pharmacies and drug stores, were enrolled. 361 were male (94%), and 23 were female (6%). The pharmacy diploma was the most qualified of the participants (58.1%). The majority of participants had 1–5 years’ experience (45.3%). The result showed that most workers of pharmacies and drug stores had knowledge of dengue fever disease (82.1%). Medical consultation was the most common choice of participating regarding dealing with warning signs of dengue fever (red spots or patches on the skin (59.1%) , nasal or gingival bleeding(66.9%), vaginal bleeding(74.2%), hematemesis (72.7%), and severe abdominal pain (46.4% ). The larger proportion of participants did not have knowledge of the WHO clinical management of dengue guideline (75.5%). This study showed that more than half of pharmacies and drug stores workers had knowledge toward management of dengue fever (57 %). This study revealed that the knowledge of pharmacy and drug store workers in Al-Mukalla district toward dengue fever management was not satisfactory. This result highlights the need for extensive scientific programs to increase the knowledge of pharmacies and drug stores workers toward dengue management so this gap will be plugged.

Identification and Antibiotic-Susceptibility Profiling of Non-Hospital Wound Infecting Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Ghail-Bawazeer Patients, Yemen

2022-10-29T08:42:48+00:00

The continuous increase in the resistance of pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus isolated from non-hospital infected wounds to the novel chemical classes of antibiotics is of great public health importance. This problem prompted the researchers to study the antibiotic susceptibility of such strains. Twenty wound pus samples were collected and selected randomly from 20 non-hospital wound infected patients of different ages who attended different medical laboratories in Ghail-Bawazeer, Yemen, from October to December 2020, and 24 bacterial isolates were analyzed using morphological, cultural, and biochemical characterization for the isolation and identification of S. aureus. Based on the morphological and cultural characteristics, only 17 isolates appeared in the form of golden yellow colonies, non-motile, gram-positive clustered cocci, from which 11 isolates were distinguished biochemically as S. aureus. The antibiotic susceptibility of the identified S. aureus to ten antibiotics of different classes was determined using the modified Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique. The major risk was the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus isolates (MRSA) (n = 11, 100%), and (n = 9, 81.8%) of isolates were multidrug-resistant. There was a feeling of reassurance represented by the presence of other antibiotics that inhibited the growth of all isolates, starting with Tetracycline, Gentamicin, and Levofloxacin and ending with Novobiocin and Norfloxacin. The inhibitory effects of the tested antibiotics against each expected S. aureus were significantly different at the 0.05 level, except Novobiocin, Gentamycin, Methicillin, and Metronidazole. There were no significant differences. Continuity of work to identify the remaining wound strains associated with patients residing in Ghail-Bawazeer and their antibiotic sensitivity is required.

Determinants and Knowledge of Iron Deficiency Anemia and its Impact among Pregnant Women Attending University Hospital in Mukalla, Yemen

2022-10-29T09:01:53+00:00

The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women, according to the World Health Organization (WHO),is still higher than 51% in developing countries, and the most common cause is iron deficiency, which has adverse effects on maternal and child health. The purpose of this study is to determine the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women attending University Hospital in Mukalla regarding iron deficiency anemia and its impact. A cross sectional descriptive study was conducted on 320 Yemeni pregnant women from January 1, 2021, to June 30, 2021. Data was collected by a predesigned self-administered questionnaire in the antenatal clinic at the time of the routine antenatal check-up. The results showed that the mean age of participants was 26.8 ±1.73 years. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia was high (81%). (23.4%) of the participants know that anemia in pregnancy is present when the hemoglobin concentration is 11 g/dl or less. Most of the participants (72.2%) know that anemia may affect the health of the fetus and cause complications for the mothers. Only (16.6%) of them know that iron tablets are free of cost in primary health care centers and government hospitals. (85.3%) of them know that iron tablets should be taken during pregnancy in spite of a healthy diet. (23.1%) of the participants took iron supplementation irregularly due to drug cost (32.8%). Only (20%) of them get information regarding anemia from health workers. Anemia was statistically lower in pregnant women with regular intake of iron supplements and those taking special diets during pregnancy. The prevalence of anemia in women who attend University Hospital during pregnancy is higher. There is poor knowledge among participants about the preventive measures for iron deficiency anemia. Improving health education about anemia during pregnancy can reduce the prevalence of anemia and improve maternal and fetal outcomes.

Outcome and Mortality of Hospitalized children with Severe Acute Malnutrition at Aden, Yemen

2022-10-29T09:17:36+00:00

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is considered a common cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low- and middle-income countries, being responsible for 45% of deaths among under-five children. The aim of the study was to determine the outcome and mortality of severe acute malnutrition among hospitalized children in Aden, Yemen. This is a descriptive, retrospective study. The studied population includes hospitalized children of both sexes with SAM admitted to the nutritional unit of Al-Sadaka General Teaching Hospital/Aden during the period from January 1st to December 31st 2021. A total of 537 under 5 years, males constitute 53.4% over females 46.6%. In this study, 509 children had a favorable clinical evolution, while 28 deaths were recorded. This corresponds to a mortality rate of 5.2%. The most common cause of death is due to Acute diarrhea in 60.7% of cases .Mortality is higher among males 67.8 % than females and high 85.7% among children < 24 months. Of these 28 deaths, most mortality cases occurred in the non-edematous type of SAM in 89.3% of cases. The most common nutritional feeding formula was F75 in 66.3% of cases. Only 28% of cases achieved target weight; edema had been resolved in 75.8% of cases of edematous SAM at discharge. Severe acute malnutrition remains a severe public health problem, and it mainly affects children under 24 months. A national policy of nutritional intervention should be implemented.

Improved Operational Matrices of DP-Ball Polynomials for Solving Singular Second Order Linear Dirichlet-type Boundary Value Problems

2022-10-29T09:28:52+00:00

Solving Dirichlet-type boundary value problems (BVPs) using a novel numerical approach is presented in this study. The operational matrices of DP-Ball Polynomials are used to solve the linear second-order BVPs. The modification of the operational matrix eliminates the BVP's singularity. Consequently, guaranteeing a solution is reached. In this article, three different examples were taken into consideration in order to demonstrate the applicability of the method. Based on the findings, it seems that the methodology may be used effectively to provide accurate solutions